Spine
General
Evidence: confirmed
Spine Range of Motion Special Test
Orthopedic Physical Examination & Clinical Assessment Guide
What is it used for?
- Measuring physiological limits of the spine.
How to Perform
- Cervical: Flexion 45°, Extension 45°, Rotation 80°, Side bending 45°.
- Lumbar: Flexion 60°, Extension 25°, Side bending 25°.
Interpretation of Results
- Document any restriction or pain during movement.
Clinical Tips & Notes
| LEVEL | FLEXION/EXTENSION | LATERAL BENDING | ROTATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| Occiput-C1 | 13 | 8 | 0 |
| C1-C2 | 10 | 10 | 45 |
| C2-C7 | 10-15 | 8-10 | 10 |
| T-spine | 5 | 6 | 8 |
| L-spine | 15-20 | 2-5 | 3-6 |
Clinical Context & Limitations
The Spine Range of Motion should be considered as one component of a comprehensive musculoskeletal assessment. No single special test has perfect diagnostic accuracy; thus, clinical decision-making should integrate test results with patient-reported symptoms, mechanism of injury, functional impairment, and relevant imaging.
Clinicians should be aware of potential false-positive results in patients with pain sensitisation, muscle guarding, or poor relaxation. For the Spine region, combining the Spine Range of Motion with complementary examination tests significantly improves overall diagnostic confidence.
