Orthopedic Special Tests Directory

Browse 291 orthopedic special tests by body region, with examination procedures, interpretation and reference images.

Browse by Joint Region

Shoulder → Knee → Hip → Spine → Elbow → Wrist & Hand → Ankle & Foot → Neurological →

All special tests A–Z

90-90 Straight Leg Raise

Hip

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Abduction Test (Hart's Sign)

Hip

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AC Shear Test (Paxinos Sign)

Shoulder

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Active Compression Test (O'Brien's)

Shoulder

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Adson's Test

Shoulder

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Alar Ligament Test

Spine

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Allen Test (Shoulder)

Shoulder

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Allen Test (Vascular)

Wrist & Hand

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Anatomical Snuffbox Tenderness

Wrist & Hand

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Ankle Anterior Drawer Test

Ankle & Foot

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Ankle Clonus Test

Spine

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Ankle Posterior Drawer Test

Ankle & Foot

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Ankle Range of Motion

Ankle & Foot

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Anterior Drawer Test (Knee)

Knee

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Anterior Impingement Test (Molloy-Bendall)

Ankle & Foot

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Anterior Release Test (Surprise Test)

Shoulder

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Anterior Slide Test

Shoulder

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Apley’s Compression Test

Knee

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Apley’s Distraction Test

Knee

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Apprehension and Relocation Test

Shoulder

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Arc Sign

Ankle & Foot

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Babinski Sign

Spine

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Barlow's Test

Hip

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Beevor Sign

Spine

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Biceps Crease Interval (BCI)

Elbow

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Biceps Reflex Test

Elbow

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Bicipital Aponeurosis Flex Test

Elbow

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Bounce Home Test

Knee

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Boyes Test

Wrist & Hand

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Bragard Test

Spine

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Brush / Stroke Test (Swipe Test)

Knee

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Buerger’s Test

Ankle & Foot

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Bunnel-Littler Test

Wrist & Hand

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Calcaneal Squeeze Test

Ankle & Foot

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Capillary Refill Test

Wrist & Hand

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Carrying Angle Measurement

Elbow

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Chair Test

Elbow

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Chest Expansion Test

Spine

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Childress Sign (Duck Walk Test)

Knee

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Clunk Test

Shoulder

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CMC Grind Test

Wrist & Hand

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Coleman Block Test

Ankle & Foot

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Compression-Rotation Test

Shoulder

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Coracoid Impingement Sign

Shoulder

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Costoclavicular Syndrome Test (Military Brace)

Shoulder

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Cotton Test

Ankle & Foot

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Cozen's Test

Elbow

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Craig's Test (Ryder Method)

Hip

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Craniocervical Flexion Test (CCFT)

Spine

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Crank Test

Shoulder

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Cross-Body Adduction Test

Shoulder

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Crossed Over Lasegue (Well Leg Raise)

Spine

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Crossed-Leg Test

Ankle & Foot

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Crossover Test (Arnold)

Knee

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Deltoid Ligament Test

Ankle & Foot

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Derbolowsky Test

Spine

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Dial Test (Tibial External Rotation)

Knee

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Distraction Test

Spine

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Dorsiflexion Compression Test

Ankle & Foot

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Dorsiflexion Maneuver

Ankle & Foot

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Durkan's Test (Carpal Compression)

Wrist & Hand

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Ege's Test

Knee

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Elbow Extension Test

Elbow

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Elbow Flexion Test

Elbow

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Elbow General Examination

Elbow

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Elbow Lateral Pivot-Shift Test

Elbow

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Elbow Range of Motion

Elbow

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Elbow Valgus Stress Test

Elbow

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Elbow Varus Stress Test

Elbow

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Elson Test

Wrist & Hand

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Elvey Test (Upper Limb Tension Test)

Spine

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Ely's Test (Duncan-Ely)

Hip

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Empty Can Test (Jobe's)

Shoulder

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External Rotation Recurvatum Test

Knee

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External Rotation Test

Ankle & Foot

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FADDIR Test

Hip

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Feagin Test

Shoulder

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Femoral Nerve Stretch Test

Spine

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Fibular Translation Test

Ankle & Foot

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Figure-Eight Measurement

Ankle & Foot

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Finger Extension Test (Shuck Test)

Wrist & Hand

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Finkelstein's Test

Wrist & Hand

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Flamingo Test

Hip

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Fluctuation Test

Knee

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Foot & Ankle General Examination

Ankle & Foot

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Froment's Sign

Wrist & Hand

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Fulcrum Test

Hip

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Functional Hallux Limitus Test

Ankle & Foot

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Gaenslen Test

Spine

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Gaenslen's Test

Hip

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Galeazzi Sign (Allis Sign)

Hip

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Gamekeeper's Test (UCL Stress)

Wrist & Hand

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Garrick Test

Knee

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Gillet's Test (Marching Test)

Hip

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Golfer's Elbow Test

Elbow

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Grip Strength (Dynamometry)

Wrist & Hand

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Halstead Maneuver

Shoulder

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Hand Range of Motion

Wrist & Hand

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Hawkins-Kennedy Test

Shoulder

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Heel Strike Test (Anvil Test)

Hip

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Heel Thump Test

Ankle & Foot

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Hip General Examination

Hip

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Hip Range of Motion

Hip

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Hip Scour Test (Quadrant)

Hip

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Hoffmann's Sign

Spine

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Homans Sign

Ankle & Foot

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Hook Test

Elbow

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Hoover Test

Spine

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Hornblower's Sign

Shoulder

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Hughston’s Plica Test

Knee

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Indentation Test

Knee

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Internal Rotation Resistance Stress Test (IRRST)

Shoulder

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Ischiofemoral Impingement Test

Hip

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Jack Test**

Ankle & Foot

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Jackson's Compression Test

Spine

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Jeanne's Sign

Wrist & Hand

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Jerk Test (Posterior)

Shoulder

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Jerk Test of Hughston

Knee

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Kemp's Test (Quadrant Test)

Spine

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Kernig's Sign

Spine

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Kim Test

Shoulder

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Knee General Examination

Knee

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Knee Range of Motion

Knee

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Lachman Test

Knee

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Lasegue Drop Test

Spine

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Lasegue Test (Straight Leg Raise)

Spine

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Lateral Scapular Slide Test (Kibler)

Shoulder

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Latissimus Dorsi Length Test

Shoulder

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Leg Length Measurement (True vs Apparent)

Hip

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Lever Sign (Lelli's Test)

Knee

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Lhermitte Sign

Spine

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Lichtman Test

Wrist & Hand

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Lift-Off Test (Gerber's)

Shoulder

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Linburg-Comstock Anomaly Test

Wrist & Hand

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Load and Shift Test

Shoulder

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Log Roll Test

Hip

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Loomer’s Posterolateral Rotary Instability Test

Knee

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Losee Test

Knee

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Lunotriquetral Ballottement Test

Wrist & Hand

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Matles Test

Ankle & Foot

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Maudsley's Test

Elbow

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McCarthy Sign

Hip

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McConnell Test

Knee

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McMurray’s Test (Lateral)

Knee

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McMurray’s Test (Medial)

Knee

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Medial Plica Test (Mital & Hayden)

Knee

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Medial Subtalar Glide Test

Ankle & Foot

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Milking Maneuver

Elbow

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Mill's Test

Elbow

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Modified Milking Maneuver

Elbow

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Mortons Neuroma Test

Ankle & Foot

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Moving Valgus Stress Test

Elbow

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Mulder's Sign

Ankle & Foot

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Murphy's Sign (Lunate)

Wrist & Hand

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Navicular Drop Test

Ankle & Foot

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Neer Impingement Test

Shoulder

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Noble Compression Test

Hip

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Noyes Flexion-Rotation Drawer Test

Knee

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Ober's Test

Hip

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Olecranon-Manubrium Percussion Test

Shoulder

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Ortolani's Test

Hip

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Ottawa Ankle Rules

Ankle & Foot

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Pain Provocation Test (Mimori)

Shoulder

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Paper Grip Test

Ankle & Foot

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Passive Pronation Test

Elbow

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Patellar Apprehension Test (Fairbank’s)

Knee

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Patellar Tap / Ballottement Test

Knee

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Patellar-Pubic Percussion Test

Hip

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Patellofemoral Grind Test (Clarke’s Sign)

Knee

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Patrick's Test (FABER)

Hip

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Pectoralis Major Contracture Test

Shoulder

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Pectoralis Minor Length Test

Shoulder

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Pelvic Drop Test (Step-Down)

Hip

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Pelvic Ligament Stress Tests

Hip

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Peroneal Tendon Dislocation Test

Ankle & Foot

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Phalen's Test

Wrist & Hand

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Piano Key Sign

Wrist & Hand

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Pinch Strength Test

Wrist & Hand

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Pivot Shift Test

Knee

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Plica Stutter Test

Knee

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Polk's Test

Elbow

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Popliteal Angle Test

Knee

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Posterior Drawer Test (Knee)

Knee

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Posterior Impingement Sign

Shoulder

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Posterior Labral Tear Test

Hip

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Posterior Sag Sign (Godfrey's Test)

Knee

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Posterolateral Apprehension Test

Elbow

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Posterolateral Rotatory Drawer Test

Elbow

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Press Test (Sit-to-Stand)

Wrist & Hand

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Pressure Provocation Test

Elbow

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Prone Anterior Drawer Test

Ankle & Foot

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Prone Knee Flexion Test

Spine

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Prone Lachman Test

Knee

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Prone Push-Up Test

Elbow

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Q-Angle Measurement

Knee

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Quadriceps Active Test

Knee

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Ramirez Test

Ankle & Foot

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Rectus Femoris Contracture Test

Hip

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Rent Test (Transdeltoid Palpation)

Shoulder

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Resisted Supination Test

Elbow

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Reverse Cozen Test

Elbow

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Reverse Mill's Test

Elbow

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Reverse Phalen's Test

Wrist & Hand

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Reverse Pivot Shift Test (Jakob)

Knee

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Romberg Test

Spine

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Roos Test (EAST)

Shoulder

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Royal London Hospital Test

Ankle & Foot

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Ruland Biceps Squeeze Test

Elbow

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Sacral Thrust (Sacral Compression)

Spine

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Scaphoid Compression Test

Wrist & Hand

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Schober Sign

Spine

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Scratch Collapse Test

Elbow

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Segmental Instability Test

Spine

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Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test

Wrist & Hand

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Sharp-Purser Test

Spine

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Shin Palpation Test

Ankle & Foot

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Shoulder Abduction Test (Bakody)

Spine

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Shoulder Anterior Drawer Test

Shoulder

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Shoulder General Examination

Shoulder

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Shoulder Press Test

Spine

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SI Joint Compression Test

Spine

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SI Joint Distraction Test

Spine

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Silfverskiöld Test

Ankle & Foot

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Single Leg Heel Raise

Ankle & Foot

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Slocum Test (Rotatory Drawer)

Knee

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Slump Test

Spine

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Soto-Hall Test

Spine

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Speed's Test

Shoulder

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Spine Range of Motion

Spine

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Spinous Process Tap Test

Spine

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Springing Test

Spine

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Spurling's Test

Spine

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Squeeze Test

Ankle & Foot

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Staheli Test (Prone Hip Extension)

Hip

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Standing Flexion Test

Spine

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Stinchfield Test

Hip

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Stork Test (One-Leg Standing Extension)

Spine

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Subtalar Neutral

Ankle & Foot

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Sulcus Sign

Shoulder

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Supination Lift Test

Wrist & Hand

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Supine-to-Sit Test (Long Sitting Test)

Hip

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Sweater Finger Sign

Wrist & Hand

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Tabletop Relocation Test

Elbow

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Talar Tilt Test

Ankle & Foot

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Telescoping Sign (Piston Test)

Hip

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Test for Extrinsic Tightness

Wrist & Hand

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Test for Intrinsic Tightness

Wrist & Hand

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TFCC Load Test

Wrist & Hand

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The Chair Push-up Test

Elbow

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Thessaly Test

Knee

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Thigh Thrust Test

Spine

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Thigh Thrust Test (Posterior Shear)

Hip

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Thomas Test

Hip

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Thompson’s Test

Ankle & Foot

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Three-Phase Hyperextension Test

Spine

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Tinel's Sign (Ankle)

Ankle & Foot

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Tinel's Sign (Elbow)

Elbow

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Tinel's Sign (Wrist)

Wrist & Hand

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Too Many Toes Sign

Ankle & Foot

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Trendelenburg's Test

Hip

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Triceps Reflex Test

Elbow

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Triceps Squeeze Test

Elbow

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Triple Compression Stress Test

Ankle & Foot

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Tubercle Sulcus Angle

Knee

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Tuning Fork Test

Ankle & Foot

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Two-Point Discrimination (Static)

Wrist & Hand

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Ulnar Fovea Sign

Wrist & Hand

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Ulnocarpal Abutment Test

Wrist & Hand

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ULTT 1 (Median Nerve Bias)

Shoulder

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ULTT 2a (Median Nerve Bias)

Shoulder

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ULTT 2b (Radial Nerve Bias)

Shoulder

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ULTT 3 (Ulnar Nerve Bias)

Shoulder

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Upper Cut Test

Shoulder

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Valgus Extension Overload Test

Elbow

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Valgus Stress Test (Knee)

Knee

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Varus Stress Test (Knee)

Knee

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Vertebral Artery Test (VBI)

Spine

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Waldron’s Test

Knee

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Wartenberg's Sign

Wrist & Hand

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Watson Test (Scaphoid Shift)

Wrist & Hand

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Weber-Barstow Maneuver

Hip

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Whipple Test

Shoulder

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Wilson’s Test

Knee

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Wright's Test (Hyperabduction)

Shoulder

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Wrinkle Test (Shrivel Test)

Wrist & Hand

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Wrist & Hand General Examination

Wrist & Hand

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Wrist Range of Motion

Wrist & Hand

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Yeoman Test

Spine

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Yeoman's Test

Hip

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Yergason's Test

Shoulder

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Yokum Test

Shoulder

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